Food systems are an integral part of our food security as they connect people, and eradicate vulnerability, as well as enhance economic growth. However, they have been affected by various factors that include climate change, pandemics, trade policies, war and conflict. This chapter follows a document analysis approach of both print and electronic materials. The chapter provides an overview of the current debate around food systems and illustrates the role and effects anthropogenic and natural phenomena play within food systems in balancing different dimensions of sustainability in Southern Africa. It also makes an analysis of the challenges that Southern African nations face in their endeavor to curb and contain food insecurity as inflicted by both anthropogenic and natural phenomena. The chapter also highlights some strategies to enhance food systems in Southern Africa. These strategies include improving agricultural productivity, promoting sustainable farming practices, strengthening food distribution systems, and implementing social safety nets. This also involves promoting sound trade policies of agricultural products, promoting peace, energy and financial stability. Policies should be framed targeting specific aspects of sustainability. In order to effectively design such policies, a better understanding of the complex linkages between the challenges and sustainability outcomes and the resultant impacts of policy approaches on all parts of the food systems is necessary.