This chapter examines the conceptual and empirical dimensions of severe deprivation and food poverty in the EU. It explores the challenges of defining and measuring poverty, highlighting the limitations of traditional indicators such as At-Risk-of-Poverty (AROP) and Material and Social Deprivation (MSD). A comparative analysis illustrates disparities across Member States, with recent crises exacerbating vulnerabilities. The chapter then focuses on food poverty in the European context, emphasizing that in high-income countries, accessibility—rather than availability—is the primary issue, since economic downturns, rising food prices, and austerity-driven cutbacks have made food increasingly unaffordable for low-income households. The chapter concludes by discussing policy responses and the implications of food aid programs.