Catalysis is a phenomenon that increases substantially the rate of a chemical reaction by means of a small quantity of material, known as catalyst, that offers a much more energetically favorable path for the reaction compared to that without the catalyst. Catalysts accelerate reactions by orders of magnitude, enabling them to be carried under much favorable thermodynamic regimes, at much lower temperaturesTemperature and pressures, compared to those of the non-catalytic process. The catalytic process is then combined with an optimized reaction and, eventually, plant design, reducing significantly both investment and operation costs of the chemical processes.