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Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) are multipotent cells with relevant therapeutic effects in tissue repair and immunomodulation. Recent evidence suggests that the beneficial effects of MSCs are mainly due to the paracrine action exerted by their released extracellular vesicles (EVs). Moreover, in vitro and in vivo preclinical experiments showed that the small EVs (MSC-sEVs) were the EV fraction likely responsible for functional and morphological tissue regeneration. MSC-sEVs have shown beneficial effects in numerous in vitro and in vivo preclinical models of different diseases. Various clinical trials on the effects of MSC-derived EVs (MSC-EVs) on acute and chronic organ dysfunction are ongoing, with the first reports showing safety and encouraging results. In addition, in the last 2 years, the beneficial effects of MSC-EVs have been deeply investigated for the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) with promising results. In this chapter, we also provide an analysis of MSC-EV use in COVID-19 treatment.

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Mesenchymal Stem Cells–Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Therapeutic Applications

  • 章节

  • 发表日期：

    2025年

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  • Adele Tanzi,
  • Roberta Verta,
  • Benedetta Bussolati

摘要

Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) are multipotent cells with relevant therapeutic effects in tissue repair and immunomodulation. Recent evidence suggests that the beneficial effects of MSCs are mainly due to the paracrine action exerted by their released extracellular vesicles (EVs). Moreover, in vitro and in vivo preclinical experiments showed that the small EVs (MSC-sEVs) were the EV fraction likely responsible for functional and morphological tissue regeneration. MSC-sEVs have shown beneficial effects in numerous in vitro and in vivo preclinical models of different diseases. Various clinical trials on the effects of MSC-derived EVs (MSC-EVs) on acute and chronic organ dysfunction are ongoing, with the first reports showing safety and encouraging results. In addition, in the last 2 years, the beneficial effects of MSC-EVs have been deeply investigated for the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) with promising results. In this chapter, we also provide an analysis of MSC-EV use in COVID-19 treatment.