This chapter analyzes the evolution, typologies, and current configuration of welfare regimes in Latin America. It reviews classical and contemporary theoretical approaches, highlighting the limits of traditional typologies when applied to contexts marked by labor informality, segmentation, and territorial inequalities. The chapter reconstructs the historical trajectory of welfare provision in the region—from early societal and corporatist systems, through neoliberal retrenchment, to the segmented expansion of the 21st century—and systematizes the main classifications developed in the literature. Building on this, it presents a composite Welfare Development Index that integrates indicators of coverage, fiscal effort, institutional capacity, and social outcomes, allowing for the identification of four types of regimes: advanced, segmented, dual, and underdeveloped. The findings reveal persistent structural fragmentation despite important advances in coverage, and show how the COVID-19 pandemic acted as both a stress test and a driver of institutional innovation. The chapter concludes by emphasizing the challenges of overcoming inequality and segmentation, and by underlining the need to strengthen state capacities and design policies that move towards more universal, inclusive, and resilient welfare regimes in the region.