This review explores the impacts of climate change on agriculture and food security across diverse regions. Climate change is disrupting crop yields, degrading soil health, depleting water resources, and increasing plant pathogens and pests. Vulnerable regions like sub-Saharan Africa, South Asia, and Latin America face heightened risks due to socioeconomic challenges. In Europe and North America, while some areas benefit from longer growing seasons, the overall threat from extreme weather and resource scarcity is significant. Technological innovations, sustainable practices, and policy interventions are crucial for mitigating these impacts, but knowledge gaps remain, particularly regarding long-term socioeconomic effects and the resilience of lesser-studied crops. The review highlights the urgent need for coordinated global efforts to strengthen agricultural resilience and secure food systems in the face of climate change.