World’s growing population imposes major obstacles to the sustainability of the food and agriculture industries, finite natural resources, rapidly declining land, and rising production costs. As a possible remedy, biosensors are becoming more and more popular because of their many benefits, including portability, high sensitivity, affordability, and ease of use. Further, the emergence of nanobiosensors are particularly useful in having a wide range of applications in agri-food chains, including soil condition detection, crop diseases caused by pests or pathogens, severe infection management for pest detection during storage that guarantee final quality assurance. In this chapter, the importance and potential use of nanosensors for the detection of abiotic stress are discussed.