The unique physicochemical properties of carbon-based materials have made them a promising substrate in environmental remediation. Because of their high surface area, porosity, strong adsorption, and catalytic potential are being widely investigated for remediation purposes alone or in combination with other materials. Purposes. However, practically implementing them in real-time applications faces several challenges that have hindered their widespread applications. In this chapter, we have discussed the key challenges, including technical limitations (synthesis and optimization of carbon-based materials), scalability issues such as cost-effectiveness in large-scale production, and regulatory and safety issues related to real-time deployment. In addition, the challenges in site-specific implementation, long-term persistence, and socio-economic barriers to specific public perception and stakeholder engagement are also elaborately discussed. Finally, we have discussed future directions to circumvent these challenges and advancements in designing materials, sustainable production, and deployment strategies. Addressing these challenges and employing a multidisciplinary approach would provide a comprehensive understanding of the challenges faced in carbon-based remediation technologies.