The Balkan region after the collapse of the big empires and the formation of nation-states had to deal with many bilateral disputes. These disagreements focus on territorial integrity, sovereignty and borders and identity issues. One of these cases is North Macedonia. After the dissolution of the former Yugoslavia, the creation of a new state in the region has created many controversies with the neighboring states, questioning the whole existence of the state. As we are going to analyze, there are two ways: either the state creates the nation or the nation creates the state. In our case study, the newly established state tried over the years to shape and popularize the national identity of the population. For that reason, contradictory elements have been used to support these arguments and caused bilateral disputes with Greece, Serbia, Bulgaria and others. The purpose of this chapter is to analyze the creation of the national identity in North Macedonia, to describe the socio-political developments that led us to the Prespa Agreement, and to examine how the Agreement has been implemented.