In this chapter the cardiovascular complications arising from anticancer treatments and their implications for cardiac surgery are explored. Cancer therapies, including chemotherapy, radiation, and targeted treatments, have significantly improved survival rates but pose risks of cardiotoxicity, leading to conditions such as heart failure, ischemic heart disease, arrhythmias, and valvular dysfunction. The study highlights the epidemiology and mechanisms of cardiotoxicity, emphasizing the impact of anthracyclines, HER2-targeted therapies, and immune checkpoint inhibitors. These agents contribute to myocardial injury through oxidative stress, immune-mediated damage, and endothelial dysfunction. The manuscript also discusses risk stratification, early detection methods, and the role of advanced imaging and biomarkers in identifying subclinical cardiotoxicity before it progresses to irreversible damage. A critical focus is on cardioprotection strategies, including pharmacologic agents like beta-blockers, ACE inhibitors, and dexrazoxane, alongside lifestyle interventions and cardiac rehabilitation. The document also examines cardiac surgery indications in cancer survivors, outlining the challenges of managing patients with prior cardiotoxic exposure. Multidisciplinary collaboration among oncologists, cardiologists, and surgeons is emphasized to optimize surgical outcomes. The review underscores the importance of long-term survivorship care plans to mitigate late-onset cardiotoxicity and improve quality of life. Future perspectives include advances in personalized medicine, targeted therapies with reduced cardiotoxicity, and innovations in surgical techniques. The study advocates for integrated cardio-oncology pathways to enhance patient care, ensuring both effective cancer treatment and cardiovascular health preservation.