The purpose of this book is to draw biomimetic membrane technology into one of the central themes of nanobiotechnology for the development of novel medical diagnostic and therapeutic devices and hence to elucidate the significant role that biomimetic membrane technology has for the growth of the field of nanomedicine. There is a dichotomy of whether the starting point for advances in nanobiotechnology and nanomedicine lies in the realm of fundamental scientists to first seek knowledge in the basic functions of molecules that comprise biomimetic membranes or in the realm of clinicians and engineers who first seek to observe and characterize defined medical problems and needs. In those scenarios, the fundamental scientist will have the subsequent task to find a biomedical application of such fundamental knowledge and understanding. The clinician or engineer will have the subsequent task to find, or indeed reverse-engineer, a targeted understanding of the functions and principles that underlie the defined problem. This question of the preeminence of fundamental or applied research will continue to be the source of debate amongst scientists, clinicians, and engineers.