International Response to Manage Environmental Threats: A Study of Anti-Climate Change Campaigning “Iraq as a model”
摘要
This paper investigates the international efforts made to combat climate change. Climate change is an environmental phenomenon in which climate conditions surge in heat, earth’s weather, and other ecological transformations take place. Those changes were so risky that they threatened the very existence of humans. Thus, a world-scale response addressed these threats. Addressing these changes and risks, the international community adopted conventions and practices to pinpoint the causes, factors, and remedies of climate degradation, particularly gas emissions, emission-caused consequences, and carbon neutralization. Reaching zero emissions and carbon-neutral levels has been a top concern of the protocols, treaties, and campaigns concluded to limit carbon dioxide and methane emissions. While the Paris Conference of the Parties (COP) agreement in 2015 has been a broader and more comprehensive anti-climate response, other countries, however, have adopted serious change-reducing strategies. These strategies involved a total elimination of chlorofluorocarbon emissions, environmentally friendly cities, as in the case of the Arab Gulf countries, sustainable man-made rivers, seawater desalination, carbon stock banks, hybrid approaches and renewable energies, and eco-friendly man-benefiting innovations.