Food safety assurance is paramount to prevent foodborne illness and safeguard public health. Over time, various challenges have been encountered in ensuring food safety brought about by globalisation, climate change, and urbanisation. However, some key innovations have been employed to overcome these food safety challenges. This chapter explores the current challenges and innovations in achieving food safety. Food trade globalisation has made food supply chains longer and more complicated, making it difficult to trace the origin of food and identify points of contamination. Climate change is affecting farming lands by causing floods, droughts, and extreme heat waves leading to adverse effects on crops including compromised food integrity and the creation of suitable conditions for the proliferation of pathogenic microorganisms and toxins production. The innovative strategies utilised to preserve food safety standards and overcome food safety challenges are also discussed in this chapter. They include high-pressure technology, cold plasma systems, nanotechnology, and 3D printing. Additional techniques include the use of big data and blockchain for food traceability, the use of cost-effective and efficient automation and robotics for food quality as well as uniformity of products and employing the One Health approach to identifying, preventing, responding to threats caused by unsafe foods with an ultimate goal of safeguarding human health, animal health and environment.