The predator-prey equations are widely used to model the complex dynamics of interacting species in ecological systems. This paper investigates the synchronization of coupled Caputo fractional-order predator-prey equations, incorporating group defense mechanisms and Michaelis-Menten type harvesting to enhance the model’s realism. We design a linear controller to facilitate synchronization, offering advantages in cost and simplicity. A suitable Lyapunov fonction is employed to analyze the stability of the error system. Numerical simulations demonstrate the applicability of the proposed synchronization scheme. This investigation provides valuable insights into the synchronization dynamics of ecological networks and their potential management implications.