A wide range of new sciences and technologies were used to agriculture in order to boost productivity. Pest insects pose a substantial threat to crop productivity. According to recent data, arthropods are to blame for 18–20% of all agricultural losses worldwide, amounting to more than US$470 billion annually. We must make strides in developing pest management solutions that are safe, economical, and long-lasting. During the twentieth century, pesticides gained worldwide commercialization and increased importance for controlling pests of agriculture crops. After decades of practical application, researchers across the globe have studied and recorded the adverse effects of pesticides on non-targeted organisms in crop ecosystems. In order to overcome the limits of conventional pesticides, the twenty-first century is looking forward for alternative pest management approaches. Nanotechnology is a relatively recent science that, in the form of nano pesticides controlled release formulations, offers an alternative to conventional pesticides. Most synthetic chemical insecticides, considered outstanding for pest management during their discovery, were later recognized for their harmful environmental consequences. Similarly, nano pesticides have both beneficial and harmful consequences on the environment. This paper delves deeper into the significance of nano insecticides against numerous insect pests of crops, as well as their environmental consequences.