Amid the rise of Classical Latin and Greek texts in the late Middle Ages, we see the emergence of works on mathematics, geometry, and mechanics that would have an indelible impact on design, especially architecture, and the rise of Europe’s cities. This includes the rise of late Renaissance domed cathedrals, the construction of new bridges, and the formation of new civic and commercial spaces. It also includes military science and technology, especially ballistic weapons and the construction of fortifications. Among the Italian innovators in these fields were Alberti, da Vinci, Bramante, Bernini, and Galileo, among many others, and German and French author–architects include Dürer, du Cerceau, Delorme, and Bullant. They were all imbued in the mathematical and mechanical sciences and their practical applications in design.