This study investigates the impact of nuclear power plant (NPP) water discharges on heavy metal concentrations in the Styr River, Ukraine, using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy. Monthly water samples were collected from 2018 to 2022 at two sites: upstream (Site A) and downstream (Site B) of the NPP water discharge. The samples were analyzed for concentrations of Zn, Cd, Pb, Cu, Ni, Mn, As, and Cr. Statistical methods, including Pearson correlation, principal component analysis, and network analysis, were employed. Results showed generally stable heavy metal concentrations with slight annual variations, except for manganese, which had significant fluctuations likely due to industrial discharges. Seasonal variations indicated higher concentrations in autumn and summer. Zn, Cd, Pb, and Cu exhibited stable concentrations with minor increases downstream, suggesting limited anthropogenic impact from the NPP. Network analysis revealed moderate positive correlations between certain metals, indicating common sources or pathways. The study provides a detailed temporal and spatial analysis of heavy metal contamination in the Styr River, highlighting the influence of NPP discharge.