The Nevado de Toluca volcano, also called Xinantécatl (“nude man” in Náhuatl and Matlatzinca), is located in the central part of the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt. At 4,680 m above sea level, it is the fourth-highest peak in the country. Its wide crater harbors two lakes known as El Sol and La Luna (“The sun” and “The moon” in Spanish) divided by a hummock, which volcanologists designate as a dome, called El Ombligo (“The navel” in Spanish). Nevado de Toluca’s eruptive history began approximately 1.5 million years ago (García-Palomo et al. (2002). Geology of Nevado de Toluca Volcano and surrounding areas, central Mexico, pp. 26). The last known eruptive activity of this volcano occurred 3580–3831 calibrated years ago (Macías et al., Brigham Young University Geology Studies 42:493–528, 1997). The multiple eruptions that have taken place throughout its complex geological history, along with the region’s climate, have favored the development of soils with a high nutrient content, making them fertile and suitable for supporting extensive agriculture. This practice has altered the physical characteristics of the soil, making it more susceptible to erosion and promoting landslides and flash flood events that pose geological and hydrological hazards to the region’s inhabitants.