This chapter explores health as adaptation and balance, emphasizing self-management, resilience, and environmental interplay. While the concept broadens traditional biomedical models, it faces significant challenges. Defining health as capacity to adapt and self-manage places responsibility on individuals, and it risks victim-blaming, as social and economic disparities influencing health behaviors are overlooked. “One Health” expands the focus to human, animal, and ecosystem health, but its broad scope challenges medicine’s boundaries and raises operational difficulties. The analysis highlights a recurring tension between inclusivity and clarity, explanatory depth with practical and ethical coherence. Distinguishing conceptual components of health from determinants of health is a possible way out.