Current State of Research in the Field of Environmentally Friendly Smart Materials, Technologies and Devices
摘要
The basis of most modern ferroelectric piezoceramic materialsFerroelectric Piezoceramic Material (FPCM) (FPCMs) used in production are currently solid solutionsSolid solution (SS) of lead-containing complex oxidesLead-containing complex oxide (PbTiO3–PbZrO3 (PZT), Pb(Nb2/3Mg1/3)O3–PbTiO3 (PMN–PT) andLead Zirconate Titanate (PZT) other. The most common technology for their manufacture involves solid-phase synthesisSolid-phase synthesis and sinteringSintering at high temperatures. In connection with the need to transition to environmentally friendlyEnvironmentally friendly methods of production of FPCMFerroelectric Piezoceramic Material (FPCM) and products made from them, the task of developing new, lead-free analog materials of PZTLead Zirconate Titanate (PZT) becomes urgent (Cross in Nature 432:24–25, 2004; Directive 2002/95/EC in Off J Eur Union 3:19–23, 2003). For more than 40 years, the Research Institute of Physics of the Southern Federal University, Russia has been working on the search, study and creation of such materials based on lead-free solids, including those with the participation of alkali metal niobatesAlkali Metal Niobate (AMN) (AMNs) (Reznichenko in Phase states and properties of spatially inhomogeneous ferroactive media with different thermodynamic prehistory, DrSc Thesis (Physical and Mathematical Sciences). Rostov State University Press, Rostov-on-Don, 2002). The main directions and results of this activity are given in Table.