Introduction
摘要
A young Moro Muslim in the 1990s did a PhD at the University of Hawaii. His name is Macapado Muslim. In his PhD dissertation, he argued that to better understand Mindanao history and the struggle of the Moro people, it is imperative to excavate local sources, including data from those who fought for the Bangsamoro struggle (see Calunsod in Filipino Muslim scholar sees bright future for new autonomous region, 2019). Indeed, as the Filipino historian Renato Constantino (1919–1999) often cited for, the Philippine history is incomplete if no mention of Mindanao history. As Berents (From the margins: conflict-affected young people, social exclusion, and an embodied everyday peace in Colombia’, p. 202, 2013) stressed, “it is crucial to explore the narratives of those individuals affected and who are frequently written out of the conversations.” But what is it with the Moros of Mindanao?