The jawbones, comprising the mandible and the maxilla, serve as housing for tooth germs and later accommodate the primary and secondary dentition. They possess distinctive characteristics compared to other bones, particularly in embryological development. As a result, the jaw bones exhibit unique features, and diseases not typically observed in other parts of the skeleton may arise within them. Diseases affecting jawbones can be categorised into infective conditions, reactive, metabolic, hereditary or genetic disorders, cysts and neoplastic (tumour) conditions.