Central venous cannulation (CVC) has become a cornerstone of modern medical practice, providing vital access for administering medications, fluids, and nutrition, as well as for monitoring hemodynamic status. This chapter introduces CVC, discussing its critical role in patient management across various clinical settings. It explores the importance of CVC in facilitating life-saving interventions, such as in critical care, oncology, and surgical procedures. This chapter also delves into the risks associated with CVC, including infection, thrombosis, and mechanical complications, emphasizing the need for rigorous aseptic techniques and careful patient monitoring. The benefits of CVC, such as reliable vascular access and improved patient outcomes, are highlighted, demonstrating its indispensable role despite inherent risks. Additionally, this chapter provides an overview of the anatomy of central veins, focusing on the internal jugular, subclavian, and femoral veins. Understanding the anatomical landmarks and variations is crucial for safe and effective catheter placement. By offering a comprehensive introduction to CVC, this chapter equips healthcare providers with the foundational knowledge necessary to perform the procedure safely and effectively, balancing the benefits against the potential risks to optimize patient care.