Effective wastewater management in Nigeria's intensive rural industries—such as agricultural processing, livestock farming, aquaculture, and small-scale manufacturing—is vital for reducing environmental pollution and safeguarding public health. However, significant challenges hinder progress, including poor facility maintenance, unreliable electricity, inadequate policies, and climate change impacts such as irregular rainfall, flooding, and water scarcity. Financial constraints in the water and sanitation sectors and ineffective waste management systems exacerbate water contamination and ecosystem degradation. Urbanisation, industrialisation, and population growth further contribute to untreated wastewater discharge, while poverty and corruption undermine resources and infrastructure investments. The Nigerian government has established institutions such as the Federal Ministry of Water Resources (FMWR), the National Water Resources Institute (NWRI), and the River Basin Development Authorities (RBDAs) to oversee policy formation, training, and water supply. Additionally, agencies like the Federal Ministry of Environment (FMENV) and the National Environmental Standards and Regulations Enforcement Agency (NESREA) enforce environmental laws and wastewater discharge regulations. Despite these efforts, enforcement remains weak, and compliance with national standards is limited. This chapter highlights the need for more robust environmental policies, effective enforcement mechanisms, and improved resource allocation to address wastewater management issues. Reshaping existing laws and integrating multi-sectoral approaches are essential to overcoming challenges, ensuring sustainable wastewater management, and protecting Nigeria's ecosystems and public health.