Electric and electronic items in day-to-day life are indispensable which favors the current livelihood resulted in huge quantum of wastes without proper disposal. E-waste is heterogeneous which entails various subunits depending upon composition, type and their applications threatens the environment and the survival of living flora and fauna. Physicochemical approaches are not quite competent in recovering heavy metals from wastes enlisting certain constraints such as high cost, pollution, and loss of heavy metals during the process. In order to overcome these limitations, biohydrometallurgy or bioleaching that involves bacteria, fungi and their metabolites in mobilizing and recovery of heavy metals is considered as ecofriendly and sustainable technology. Type of microorganism, environmental factor and the composition of e-waste together determine the leaching efficiency. Microbes have various mechanisms such as oxidation, acidolysis, redoxolysis, cyanogenesis, organic acids generation, chelation, and complexation. These bioleaching techniques have a quite impact on the microbes involved. Hence, the process has to be modified in such a way that it has higher leaching efficiency. Synthetic biology opens up avenues for improving catalytic capacity of the enzymes, changes in substrate specificity, toxicity tolerance, enhanced compatibility, etc.