The electronics enterprise is the world’s biggest and most hastily growing industrial sector, as humans rely heavily on contemporary technologies to live luxuriously. However, the production of an enormous quantity of e-waste due to its limited lifespan and development to more appealing features, designs, and compatibility concerns is concerning since it contains multiple hazardous substances that can harm the environment and, more importantly, human health. A record-breaking 62 million tonnes (Mt) of e-waste were created in 2022, up 82% from 2010, and are expected to climb another 32% to 82 million tonnes by 2030. Inappropriate disposal procedures, that involve open burning and acid leaching, release harmful compounds into the environment, including heavy metals, persistent organic pollutants, and brominated flame retardants. Toxic e-waste components have been related to several health difficulties, including neurological impairment, respiratory ailments, reproductive complications, and carcinogenic impacts. Children and workers are at great danger from extended exposure to poisonous fumes and direct contact with hazardous items. To address these issues, we need to use sustainable recycling systems, rigorous laws, and raise public awareness. Traditional technologies, such as pyrometallurgy and hydrometallurgy, are energy-intensive and emit hazardous byproducts. Bioleaching is a more environmentally friendly method of extracting rich metals like gold, copper, nickel, and lithium. This chapter discusses the sources of electronic waste and its impact on both the environment and human health. It also explores preventive measures and recycling technologies for effective e-waste management.