The concept of urban mining is a circular economy application that treats the waste electric and electronic equipment (WEEE or e-waste) as a secondary resource for valuable elements. It reduces dependence on raw materials by recovering these valuable elements, including rare-earth metals (REMs). WEEE comprises discarded electronic devices such as smartphones, cameras, computers, and household appliances. E-waste contains significant quantities of REMs like neodymium (Nd), dysprosium (Dy), lanthanum (La), and cerium (Ce). Recovering these kinds of metals is challenging due to the complex composition of e-waste. Environmental challenges also arise associated with improper disposal. In this chapter, recovery methods of REMs from e-waste are focused on. Conventional recovery methods including hydrometallurgical and pyrometallurgical techniques have shown remarkable recovery rates for REMs from WEEE components such as printed circuit boards, and fluorescent lamps. Other alternative methods, such as bioleaching and ionic liquid techniques, offer more environmentally friendly and sustainable solutions by reducing harsh chemical consumption during recovery operations. In addition, emerging pretreatment methods including alkaline roasting offer eco-friendly potential to increase the REM extraction efficiency. These recovery techniques have economic and environmental advantages rather than REM mining. Life cycle assessment studies in the literature highlights the significant reduction in greenhouse gas emissions, energy consumption, and waste generation-especially hazardous wastes—due to the urban mining efforts, including REM recovery techniques, compared to traditional mining.