The conclusion explains the key factors that mark Turkey’s (de)-Europeanisation process in the last three decades. It presents the limits of this research and recommendations for future research. The chapter shows that under the light of the evidence that are presented in this book meaningful re-Europeanisation is unlikely without systemic pressure or leadership change. Yet, even in this case, progress would be incremental, constrained by deep political polarisation and entrenched nationalist and Islamist opposition.