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While Turkey’s ambition to join the EU dates back to 1959, meaningful reforms accelerated after the 1999 Helsinki Summit. This chapter investigates the evolving nature of Turkey–EU relations by focusing on the factors that have shaped the country’s Europeanisation and subsequent de-Europeanisation process. Moving beyond simplistic dichotomies of domestic versus international drivers, it introduces a multi-level analytical framework, which takes into account individual, national, and systemic factors, in order to explain the direction and intensity of Turkey’s alignment with the EU rules and norms. It highlights how the timing and content of leadership strategies and domestic political coalitions are shaped by these factors in order to influence reform trajectories.

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Introduction: Rethinking Turkey–EU Relations and the Road to Europeanisation

  • 章节

  • 发表日期：

    2025年

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  • Caglar Ozturk,
  • Christos Kourtelis

摘要

While Turkey’s ambition to join the EU dates back to 1959, meaningful reforms accelerated after the 1999 Helsinki Summit. This chapter investigates the evolving nature of Turkey–EU relations by focusing on the factors that have shaped the country’s Europeanisation and subsequent de-Europeanisation process. Moving beyond simplistic dichotomies of domestic versus international drivers, it introduces a multi-level analytical framework, which takes into account individual, national, and systemic factors, in order to explain the direction and intensity of Turkey’s alignment with the EU rules and norms. It highlights how the timing and content of leadership strategies and domestic political coalitions are shaped by these factors in order to influence reform trajectories.