Climate extremes like prolonged droughts or excessive flooding disrupt the intertwined lives of rural womenWomen with agricultureAgriculture in the Global SouthGlobal south, especially those dependent on traditional practices like shifting cultivation or rain-fed irrigation. AgricultureAgriculture is not just food production or a livelihood for these womenWomen but an extension of the care work that helps them feed their families. On the other hand, traditional hetero-patriarchal social norms continue to disempower them to make choices related to agricultureAgriculture and food production as they often lack the decision-making and ownership rights on the land they toil. WomenWomen belonging to marginalized tribal communities facing compound intersectional challenges due to genderGender, caste, ethnicity, illiteracy, poverty, and language find it even harder to define their life goals and act upon them. This chapter shows how specific genderGender-transformative adaptationAdaptation measures, such as promoting womenWomen’s land rights, providing access to climate-resilient seeds, and offering training in climate-smart agricultural practicesAgricultural practices, can bring in, albeit small, transformative changes. Based on ethnographic research, semi-structured interviews, and focus group discussions with Mal PahariyaMal Pahariyas womenWomen and NGO workers in Jharkhand, IndiaIndia, this chapter shows how these measures, if designed effectively, can tackle the root causes embedded in the existing social, political, economic, and cultural context that aids gender inequalityGender inequalities and injustice to persist. The study also shows that food and nutrition securityNutrition security, leadership, economic decision-making, and capacity building by learning new skills can emerge as co-benefits that can help them address other daily challenges.