Introduction. Using antimicrobial prophylaxis in cesarean section in accordance with hospital’s guideline will help save costs, shorten treatment time, prevent complications of surgical site infection and minimize the use of antibiotics after surgery. Methodology. A descriptive, cross-sectional, retrospective study was conducted on the medical records of patients at Nhan Dan Gia Dinh Hospital who were prescribed pre-operative antimicrobial prophylaxis in 2022 (01/01/2022 - 31/12/2022). Results. The rate of appropriate preoperative antimicrobial prophylaxis following all criteria was 36.4%; cefazoline was the most commonly used antibiotic in both groups. There was 2.93% of the study sample experienced surgical site infection, mainly due to allergies to suture materials. The number of days of antibiotics used after 24 h in group 2 was mostly 3 - 5 days (47.9%) due to comorbid conditions such as hypertension and diabetes that could affect wound healing. Conclusion and Discussion. When comparing the antibiotic usage between two groups, the difference in surgical site infection rates was not significant. However, the results in group 1 showed a significant reduction in the cost of either prophylaxis or therapeutic antibiotics. Therefore, using antimicrobial prophylaxis appropriately according to guidelines is important, and continuous training plans on antibiotics use for medical staff are needed.