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Prior studies have illuminated the temporally delayed and cumulative consequences of both drought and human interventions on vegetation growth. Nevertheless, these investigations predominantly centered on the lagged impacts of drought, leaving a void in our comprehension of how vegetation productivity reciprocates to human activities. In this study, we utilized the refined datasets including reconstructed Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI), and an exhaustive land-use degree index to delve into the spatiotemporal dynamics of vegetation and drought phenomena across China, and scrutinize the time-lagged and cumulative effects of both drought and human actions on vegetation growth. The results underscored that, amidst an overall greening trend, approximately 32.21% of China’s vegetated land exhibited a browning trajectory, particularly pronounced in the northwest. SPEI escalated annually at a rate of 0.0014, manifesting a pronounced drought trend. 66.41–54.57% of China demonstrated time-lagged and cumulative reactions to drought, characterized by shortened response durations ranging from 1–4 months, indicating an elevated sensitivity in vegetation growth toward drought occurrences. Notably, the relationship between moisture availability and vegetation response durations exhibited a U-shaped pattern. Approximately, 49.9% of China exhibited time-lagged reactions to anthropogenic influences, particularly pronounced over extended periods spanning 6–10 years. This phenomenon underscored the fact that human activities have initiated ecological shifts, yet vegetation ecosystems are confronted with difficulties in adapting at a commensurate pace. Moreover, the cumulative and delayed effects were observed to attenuate as land-use intensity intensified, revealing the necessity of human controlling. This comprehensive investigation underscores the complex interplay among drought, human interventions, and vegetation dynamics within China, and clarifies the paramount importance of adopting sustainable management strategies aimed at mitigating deleterious ecological consequences, thereby ensuring the resilience and sustainability of vegetation ecosystems.

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Lagged and Cumulative Responses of Vegetation Growth to Drought and Human Activities

  • 章节

  • 发表日期：

    2025年

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  • Tiantian Chen,
  • Li Peng

摘要

Prior studies have illuminated the temporally delayed and cumulative consequences of both drought and human interventions on vegetation growth. Nevertheless, these investigations predominantly centered on the lagged impacts of drought, leaving a void in our comprehension of how vegetation productivity reciprocates to human activities. In this study, we utilized the refined datasets including reconstructed Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI), and an exhaustive land-use degree index to delve into the spatiotemporal dynamics of vegetation and drought phenomena across China, and scrutinize the time-lagged and cumulative effects of both drought and human actions on vegetation growth. The results underscored that, amidst an overall greening trend, approximately 32.21% of China’s vegetated land exhibited a browning trajectory, particularly pronounced in the northwest. SPEI escalated annually at a rate of 0.0014, manifesting a pronounced drought trend. 66.41–54.57% of China demonstrated time-lagged and cumulative reactions to drought, characterized by shortened response durations ranging from 1–4 months, indicating an elevated sensitivity in vegetation growth toward drought occurrences. Notably, the relationship between moisture availability and vegetation response durations exhibited a U-shaped pattern. Approximately, 49.9% of China exhibited time-lagged reactions to anthropogenic influences, particularly pronounced over extended periods spanning 6–10 years. This phenomenon underscored the fact that human activities have initiated ecological shifts, yet vegetation ecosystems are confronted with difficulties in adapting at a commensurate pace. Moreover, the cumulative and delayed effects were observed to attenuate as land-use intensity intensified, revealing the necessity of human controlling. This comprehensive investigation underscores the complex interplay among drought, human interventions, and vegetation dynamics within China, and clarifies the paramount importance of adopting sustainable management strategies aimed at mitigating deleterious ecological consequences, thereby ensuring the resilience and sustainability of vegetation ecosystems.