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Free particles are gennerally different from supported particles, and properties such as energy and structure are best studied in their pure form in free particles to avoid the effects of the interaction with a substrate, unless this interaction is the object of study. A large number of studies have therefore been performed on free clusters, either in molecular beams or in devices such as storage rings or ion traps, which are devices where ions can be stored for extended periods of time.

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The Evaporative Ensemble

  • 章节

  • 发表日期：

    2025年

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  • Klavs Hansen

摘要

Free particles are gennerally different from supported particles, and properties such as energy and structure are best studied in their pure form in free particles to avoid the effects of the interaction with a substrate, unless this interaction is the object of study. A large number of studies have therefore been performed on free clusters, either in molecular beams or in devices such as storage rings or ion traps, which are devices where ions can be stored for extended periods of time.