Modern fertigation techniques have improved agricultural mass production, but they have also brought up new issues in agriculture today. Overuse of traditional fertilizers has resulted in low nutrient utilization efficiency in plants and poor soil health, which has created several environmental disturbances. The application of slow-release nanofertilizers (SRNFs) is gaining momentum as a solution to address this crisis. These are a novel class of nanoparticle-based fertilizers with enhanced mechanical and thermal stability, with the potential for precisely delivering agrochemicals, including macro- and micronutrients and various other agrochemicals. Moreover, they enable the sustainable and slow release of agrochemicals, which allows the slow uptake of active substances by roots. As a result, agrochemicals are more effective because of their stable and secure binding to plant surfaces, which lowers the amount of agrochemical wastes that end up in the environment. There are multiple techniques, like nanoencapsulation, emulsion evaporation, and ionotropic gelation, by which nanocomposites can be developed. Additionally, various matrices like nanohydroxyapatite, nanochitosan, mesoporous silica, and biochar provide the loading of the active ingredients that ensure the possible attachment of these agromolecules. These characteristics enable the SRNFs to play a mitigating role in raising plants’ productivity. Furthermore, the feasibility of implementation, release mechanisms, and their immobilization in plants has also been explored in this study. Consequently, the issues surrounding the enhancement of crop productivity may be resolved by SRNFs based on nanomaterials.