Since 9/11, the United States has developed a coordinated perspective on the utilization of resilience planning for national security and defense. These efforts have acknowledged that the robustness of security capacities requires the designed resilience of systems that cross over civilian and military sectors, as well as cyber-physical domains. This chapter outlines existing and emerging resilience policies and planning regimes in national security and defense that interact across various ‘layered’ jurisdictional, spatial, and infrastructural scales. This exploration provides a brief survey of how resilience is currently applied in practice by the U.S. Department of Defense (DOD), U.S. national security agencies, and NATO. Building on this diversity of applications, various categorical forms of resilience drawn from the empirical science of resilience are positioned within the state of practice. Notably, this chapter highlights the extent to which social processes of resilience are critical for cyber resilience and managing cyber-physical vulnerabilities. In addition, this chapter argues an optimal orientation to resilience leaves open the door for the transformative adaptation of function and identity when the boundary thresholds of conventional conceptualizations of single-equilibrium resilience are exceeded. This chapter concludes with a normative perspective on how military and civilian resilience planning could support the development of a strategic model for a National Resilience Plan in alignment with existing NATO obligations.