In order to improve the application value of athletes’ physical health data in medical care, the hierarchical sharing method of athletes’ physical health data is optimized and designed under the background of mobile medicine. Collect athletes’ physical health data under mobile medicine, and divide athletes’ physical health data levels. Set iSCSI protocol protocol as the hierarchical sharing protocol of health data, establish sharing connection from both physical and logical aspects, and achieve hierarchical sharing of athletes’ physical health data through identity authentication, data encryption, data transmission and other steps. Through the performance test experiment, it is concluded that compared with the traditional sharing method, the packet loss rate and error rate of the optimal design method are reduced by 3.23% and 1.41% respectively, and the sharing area is expanded. After the application of the optimal design sharing method, the retrieval speed of the physical health data is significantly improved, that is, the optimal design method has obvious advantages in sharing security, scope and application performance.