This chapter tests Orientalism by examining the discourse used by both the elite media and policymakers, or what I term discourse/policymakers. While archival material was largely used as the basis of my argument in Chapter 2, such records on Iraq are not yet broadly declassified. While there are some primary sources for public use, such as speeches and handpicked documents available on the website of former Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld, I use a great deal of material from The New York Times. Such sourcing actually makes Orientalism’s test easier. This is because, as we have seen, Edward Said, and other practitioners of the theory depend on such media sources to make their argument. Indeed, the Orientalist logic is that elite media sources affect elite policymakers, who in turn affect Orientalist policies. If the first proposition does not hold up under scrutiny, Orientalism is weakened on its own terms.