The chapter analyses Algeria’s struggle in dealing with extremist factions and the impact of violent extremism on its security, economy, and society. Besides analysing the various extremist outfits and the lives and roles of their key figures, the study examines the complex interplay of an assortment of aspirations ranging from religious to political radicalism and the pursuit of foreign agenda against the state, which preferred a military solution over politico-economic. It attempts to deconstruct the factors leading to violent extremism and the shortcomings in the strategy to quell the menace. The study also examines the conflict’s impact on the nature and pursuit of Algeria’s foreign relations.