A thorough understanding of inguino-femoral anatomy is essential for any surgeon aiming to master groin hernia repair. This chapter begins with the foundational structure of the myopectineal orifice of Fruchaud and explores the complex anatomy of the groin as encountered from both anterior and posterior approaches. Emphasis is placed on applied anatomy and its relevance to both open and minimally invasive techniques. With the advent of enhanced visualization technologies, a more refined appreciation of tissue layers has emerged. Recognizing and preserving these subtle tissue planes is critical for optimizing operative outcomes and reducing complications. For the modern hernia surgeon, a nuanced and practical understanding of groin anatomy is highly imperative. This chapter aims to equip surgeons with the detailed anatomical insight necessary for safe, effective, and durable hernia repairs.