Mesh implants are commonly used in many, if not most, hernia repairs. While suture-only repairs are an option for select herniorrhaphies, the data is clear that mesh reduces the risk of hernia recurrence, hence their wide utilization. Various mesh materials (e.g., polypropylene and polyester) and configurations (mono- vs multifilament, light vs heavyweight, etc) have been developed since the wide adoption of hernia mesh almost 70 years ago. This chapter is designed to review the most commonly used materials and their attributes for synthetic-derived hernia meshes, providing surgeons with information to help guide mesh decision-making for their patients.