Characteristics of Earthquake-Induced Landslides—Case Studies from the 2011 Tōhoku and 2015 Gorkha Earthquakes
摘要
Ground shaking due to earthquakes or similar seismic activities is one of the major triggers of landslides globally. It is important to document the characteristics of landslides triggered by earthquakes with different characteristics so that precautions can be taken for future co-seismic landslides. This will help to protect people and reduce potential damage to the infrastructure resulting from such landslides. As such, studying, in parallel, the characteristics of the earthquakes and corresponding co-seismic landslides is critical for infrastructure planning. In particular, this is necessary to develop relationships between the earthquake magnitude or peak ground acceleration and the total area or number of landslides triggered as well as between the maximum distance to landslide observations from the epicenter or fault rupture. In this study, the co-seismic landslides triggered by two major earthquakes in 2010s—the 2011 Tōhoku Earthquake and the 2015 Gorkha Earthquake are separately presented. In addition, comparisons are made among the co-seismic landslides. Comparisons are also made with 35 historical earthquake events from 1920 to 2015 focusing on how the co-seismic landslides triggered by these two events compare with the data obtained from other historical earthquake events.