Healthcare at Any Distance: Evolving Past Traditional Telemedicine
摘要
This chapter examines the evolution and current state of telemedicine, a globally utilized healthcare delivery innovation connecting patients and care providers alike. Three significant waves shaped its modern development: the Internet's widespread adoption in the 1990s, smartphone proliferation in the 2010s, and the COVID-19 pandemic, which over a period accelerated adoption of telemedicine practices. The field encompasses three primary categories: synchronous (real-time interactions), asynchronous (store-and-forward), and remote sensing through the Internet of Things (IoT). Using the NASSS framework, the chapter analyzes benefits and risks across the condition, technology, value proposition, adopter system, organization, wider context, and adaptation domains. Implementation data reveals varying adoption rates across the world in many different settings, and many with positives outcomes. However, sustained implementation faces ongoing challenges related to infrastructure, reimbursement policies, and user acceptance. Certain concepts require careful reevaluation, and a renewed perspective is necessary to address the challenges of implementing, adopting, and ensuring long-term acceptance of this technology among diverse user groups. This chapter will revise the concepts involved in telemedicine proposing a paradigm shift away from viewing telemedicine as alternative care routes, suggesting elimination of the “tele-” prefix and recognition of these practices as integral to modern medicine. Finally, it brings important insights into its implementation and introduces a new vision for tackling the current barriers.