The 1960s and 1970s witnessed political turmoil that expressed itself not only in the questioning of the hegemonic political, economic, and social orders, it also turned towards questioning the relationship between science and technology on the one hand, and the hegemonic order on the other hand. This led to the rise of the radical science movements of the late 1960s and 1970s. These movements were deeply influenced by Marxist intellectual currents and they thought to demonstrate the non-neutrality of science without falling into the trap of complete nihilism regarding the possibility of objective scientific knowledge. This Chapter seeks to demonstrate how Hountondji’s writings on the relationship between science and technology can be understood in relation to an influential current of Marxist theorizing about science and technology, namely the current influenced by the work of Boris Hessen. Given Hountondji’s historical context, it is not surprising that he would seek to think about how such Marxist influenced theorizing could help us make sense of the state of science and technology in the Global South. To this end, Hountondji drew upon another intellectual current which was deeply influenced by Marxism, namely dependency theory.