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This study evaluates the safety of vulnerable road users (VRUs) at crosswalks on urban roads, focusing on pedestrian and cyclist safety. The objective of this research evaluates pedestrian safety in urban mid-blocks under mixed traffic conditions using the Temporal Proximity Surrogate Safety Approach. Key surrogate safety indicators assessed include Pedestrian Safety Margin (PSM), Post Encroachment Time (PET), and vehicle approaching speed. Data from a continuous video survey of three mid-block sections were analyzed using Kinovea and SPSS’s k-means clustering, examining 1012 pedestrian-vehicle interactions for PSM and 989 for PET. Findings indicate pedestrians are safer when PSM exceeds 2.94 s and vehicle speed is below 35.64 km/h. For PET, safety is greater when the time is over 2.46 s (VPF) or 2.50 s (PPF), with vehicle speeds below 31.52 km/h (VPF) and 31.07 km/h (PPF). Males and smaller vehicles (2W, 3W) exhibit lower safety margins, highlighting increased risks for these groups.

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Evaluation of Vulnerable Road User Safety at Crosswalk in Urban Roads

  • 章节

  • 发表日期：

    2026年

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  • Dungar Singh,
  • Ankit Sahu,
  • Jayant Giri,
  • Ahmad Abdelhafiz Ali Samhan,
  • Rajkumar Chadge

摘要

This study evaluates the safety of vulnerable road users (VRUs) at crosswalks on urban roads, focusing on pedestrian and cyclist safety. The objective of this research evaluates pedestrian safety in urban mid-blocks under mixed traffic conditions using the Temporal Proximity Surrogate Safety Approach. Key surrogate safety indicators assessed include Pedestrian Safety Margin (PSM), Post Encroachment Time (PET), and vehicle approaching speed. Data from a continuous video survey of three mid-block sections were analyzed using Kinovea and SPSS’s k-means clustering, examining 1012 pedestrian-vehicle interactions for PSM and 989 for PET. Findings indicate pedestrians are safer when PSM exceeds 2.94 s and vehicle speed is below 35.64 km/h. For PET, safety is greater when the time is over 2.46 s (VPF) or 2.50 s (PPF), with vehicle speeds below 31.52 km/h (VPF) and 31.07 km/h (PPF). Males and smaller vehicles (2W, 3W) exhibit lower safety margins, highlighting increased risks for these groups.