This study examines the role of technological innovation in the process of institutional development in developing countries. It uses qualitative methodology to study complex interactions and interdependencies between technological changes, institutional development and development processes. Specifically, it conducts a systematic review of existing literature and adopts and uses analytical tools to synthesize relevant perspectives, theories, and evidence. This study provides a critical assessment of research articles, policy documents and case-specific knowledge gaps known in relation to the role of technological change in institutional development and, therefore, in achieving development goals. Drawing on empirical insights from two specific cases—Indonesia and Zimbabwe—the study provides insight into the challenges of technological development in achieving institutional development and broader development goals; and highlights the importance of technology in driving institutional development.