Electric Discharge Machining (EDM) plays a vital role as a non-conventional metal working method, especially important for the precise shaping of tough materials such as P20 tool steel. This study investigates the parametric optimization of EDM using a copper electrode with a focus on P20 tool steel. Identifying the optimal process parameters is the objective in order to enhance both machining efficiency and surface quality. The research employs a systematic approach, utilizing Full factorial method for conducting Design of Experiments (DOE) to examine the effects of key machining factors such as pulse- on time (Ton), pulse- off time (Toff), peak current (Ip), and electrode material. Response surface methodology (RSM) is employed for the purpose of modeling and optimizing. Experimental results demonstrate intricate connections between the various process parameters and their effects on important machining characteristics like material removal rate (MRR), tool wear rate (TWR), and surface roughness (Ra). Optimal full factorial experiments are carried out, and the response surface is analyzed using RSM to identify the optimal parameter values for maximizing MRR and minimizing TWR and Ra. The study also looks into the impact of electrode material on machining outcomes, demonstrating that copper electrodes offer better process stability and surface finish. Overall, this study offers valuable insights on optimizing the machining of P20 tool steel using EDM with copper electrodes, which can enhance productivity and surface quality in industrial applications.