This chapter studies Nikolai Nosov’s novella Vitya Maleyev in School and at Home (1951). Its first edition, published during the years of the totalitarian regime and suppressive ideological censorship in the former USSR, was different from its subsequent editions; they evolved in the direction of de-ideologizing and psychologizing the plot and characters. In its final version, Nikolai Nosov’s work describes some liberal changes in the country as well as becomes a distinguished example of psychological prose. The novella focuses on the life of ten-year-old schoolboy Vitya, his studies, friendships, and relationships with parents and teachers. With the greatest observance, the writer describes how children cope with difficulties, learn, acquire knowledge, and develop important life skills. The schoolboys’ adventures and troubles are reflected in their dialogues, which are meaningful and valuable pedagogically. Even 70 years after the novella’s first publication, Vitya Maleyev and his friends remain instructive behavioral models for children around the world.