During the eighteenth century, children’s literature evolved into a new and distinct form of literature for young people, becoming a major commercial area of publishing after World War II. In the twenty-first century, while it still remains challenging to define this relatively new genre, young people’s literature has clearly become highly visible and successful. Many tales and novels for children as well as adolescents are among the world’s best-sellers with their authors among the most translated. This introduction presents an overview of the short historical evolution of the field of young people’s literature, followed by definitions that are significant for the genre, as well as a closer look at translations and sales. Correcting, adapting, rewriting, retelling, and revising young people’s books is not new; sometimes, it is done by the authors themselves, and sometimes later by other adults (critics, publishers, researchers) who wish to adapt to their audiences, periods of time, languages, and cultures. Critical reading of young people’s books has also evolved with many new theories being used to analyze and comment upon tales as well as novels. The collection herein is divided into two main parts: the first one presents various stories that have undergone a process of rewriting and retelling. The second part uses various theories to analyze several tales and novels from around the world. Taken together, the two parts add to the literature through the publication of new stories and examination of those previously published.