Perception and attention are essential cognitive processes that shape how organisms interact with their environment. Perception involves interpreting sensory input to form an internal representation of the world, utilizing multiple sensory modalities, including visual, auditory, tactile, olfactory, and gustatory perception. Attention enables selective focus, allowing individuals to prioritize relevant stimuli while filtering distractions. The chapter explores bottom-up (stimulus-driven) and top-down (goal-directed) attention mechanisms, highlighting how they influence perception and decision-making. Theories of visual and auditory perception, including feature detection and object recognition models, provide insight into how the brain processes sensory information. Face recognition and the role of specialized neural structures, such as the fusiform face area (FFA), are examined alongside research suggesting expertise-based recognition processes. Selective, sustained, divided, and spatial attention models reveal the limitations of cognitive resources, particularly with respect to multitasking. The chapter also discusses the effects of digital media on attention deficits, including information overload and impulsivity, while addressing potential benefits, such as cognitive training. Multisensory integration principles, such as Bayesian inference and the ventriloquism effect, illustrate how sensory modalities combine to create coherent perceptual experiences. By integrating theoretical models with modern challenges, this chapter underscores the dynamic nature of perception and attention in an increasingly digital world.