Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) is an additive manufacturing process renowned for its ability to quickly create prototypes of complex parts, offering benefits such as shortened lead times, cost effectiveness and minimal waste of raw materials. Polymers are favored in several industrial applications due to their corrosion resistance, their lightness and their smooth surfaces which prevent clogging, their low thermal conductivity often limits their use. Recent advances have successfully integrated conductive fillers into the polymer matrix to improve thermal properties. This research focuses on the thermal characterization of 3D printed parts obtained via the FDM process, which uses filaments based on pure poly(lactic acid) (PLA), PLA loaded with copper particles and PLA loaded with wood fibers. The present study includes a statistical evaluation by the Taguchi method of the measured thermal conductivity, with the determination of the importance of the experimental factors as well as the evaluation of the overall result of the experiments.